Everything about Orbital Plane Astronomy totally explained
The
orbital plane of an object orbiting another is the geometrical
plane in which the orbit is
embedded. Three points in space suffice to define the orbital plane. A common example would be: the center of the heavier object, the center of the orbiting object and the center of the orbiting object at some later time.
By definition the
inclination of a planet in the
solar system is the
angle between its orbital plane and that of the
Earth. In other cases, for instance a moon orbiting another planet, it's convenient to define the inclination of the
moon's orbit as the angle between its orbital plane and the planet's equator.
Artificial satellites around the Earth
For launch vehicles and artificial satellites, the orbital plane is a defining parameter of an orbit; as in general, it'll take a very large amount of
propellant to change the orbital plane of an object. Other parameters, such as the
orbital period, the
eccentricity of the orbit and the phase of the orbit are more easily changed by propulsion systems.
Orbital planes of satellites are perturbed by the non-spherical nature of the
Earth's gravity, and this causes the orbital plane to slowly rotate around the Earth, depending on the angle of the plane. For planes that are at a critical angle this can mean that the plane will track the
Sun around the Earth, forming a
Sun-synchronous orbit.
Launch vehicle's
launch windows are usually determined by when the points in the time that the target orbital plane intersects the launch site.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Orbital Plane Astronomy'.
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